Surgical orthodontics, also known as orthognathic surgery, is a specialized field that combines orthodontics (braces or other orthodontic treatments) with oral and maxillofacial surgery. This approach is used to correct severe jaw and facial irregularities that cannot be effectively treated with braces or other orthodontic methods alone.
Surgical orthodontics is typically recommended for individuals with the following issues:
1. Severe malocclusions: When the upper and lower jaws do not align properly, causing problems with biting, chewing, speaking, and facial appearance, surgical orthodontics may be necessary to reposition the jaws into the correct relationship.
2. Skeletal discrepancies: If there are significant skeletal problems such as an overbite (protruding upper jaw) or underbite (protruding lower jaw) that cannot be corrected with orthodontic appliances alone, surgery may be needed to reposition the jawbones.
3. Facial asymmetry: In cases where there are noticeable facial imbalances or asymmetry due to jaw discrepancies, surgical orthodontics can help improve facial aesthetics and function.
The process of surgical orthodontics typically involves several stages:
1. Consultation and diagnosis: An orthodontist and oral surgeon work together to assess the patient's condition, taking X-rays, 3D scans, and photographs to create a comprehensive treatment plan.
2. Orthodontic preparation: Before surgery, the patient often undergoes orthodontic treatment (wearing braces) to align and prepare the teeth for the upcoming jaw surgery. This phase can take several months to a couple of years, depending on the case.
3. Surgery: The surgical phase involves repositioning the jawbones into the correct alignment. The surgeon makes incisions inside the mouth, near the jawline, to access the bone. They may then cut, reposition, and secure the jawbones using screws, plates, or other fixation devices. The goal is to achieve proper functional and aesthetic alignment.
4. Recovery: After surgery, the patient will go through a period of healing and recovery, which can take several weeks. They may be on a special diet and need to follow post-operative care instructions closely.
5. Post-surgery orthodontic treatment: Once the jawbones have healed, the patient continues with orthodontic treatment to fine-tune the bite and tooth alignment.
6. Maintenance: After the completion of orthodontic treatment, the patient may need to wear retainers to maintain the results and prevent relapse.
Surgical orthodontics can have a profound impact on a patient's facial appearance, functional abilities (such as chewing and speaking), and overall quality of life. It is typically considered when less invasive orthodontic treatments are insufficient to address the underlying skeletal issues. Patients considering surgical orthodontics should consult with a specialized orthodontist and oral surgeon to determine if it is the right option for their specific case.